La Repubblica · September 2026

• ironic and authoritarian framing: 'L'editto del presidente Usa', 'caccia alla talpa... con la macchina della verità'
• quoting critics and protesters: 'Donald ha un canale come tutti i dittatori', 'persone poco capaci'
• foregrounding setbacks and conflicts: 'perde il segretario dell'Esercito', 'Merz cancella la telefonata', 'nulla di fatto'
• distancing verbs and scare quotes around Trump's claims: 'Il tycoon', 'Trump dice no', 'Trump: presto una task force'

Some headlines are neutral factual reports (e.g., impeachment vote, Putin-Trump meeting), but the dominant framing is critical and delegitimising. The outlet's own vocabulary ('editto', 'macchina della verità', 'dittatori') drives the negative stance, not merely the quoted content.

• Coverage is overwhelmingly domestic politics (Meloni, Conte, Salvini, Renzi) rather than Italy-as-entity framing
• Critical evaluative language is aimed at specific politicians ('La Legge Beffa di Meloni', 'le truppe shock di Vannacci'), not at Italy as a country
• Italy is referenced mainly as a diplomatic/security actor (Ukraine arms, Red Sea naval mission, CIA warning) in neutral-to-factual register
• No consistent valence toward the country itself; positive and negative signals are distributed across different political actors

The bundle does not really treat 'Italy' as a single entity: most headlines are about Italian political figures and parties, so the stance toward the country is largely an artefact of aggregating domestic political coverage. Headlines 8 and 15 present Italy as a responsible NATO/EU actor (neutral-positive), while 22 ('democrazia ferita') is critical of the government, not of Italy per se. Genuinely mixed and low-confidence.

• Negative framing of AfD's electoral success as a 'trionfo' and 'assalto', with alarmist vocabulary ('minaccia', 'tomba dell'inclusività').
• Selection of headlines that highlight opposition from churches, civil society, and international figures (Merkel, Mounk) against AfD.
• Use of distancing or critical labels for AfD ('estremisti', 'neonazismo', 'filorussi') and emphasis on controversial policies like 'remigrazione' and separate schools for disabled.

The coverage is largely critical of AfD, but some headlines report statements from AfD politicians or allies without overt criticism, and the overall stance is inferred from the selection and framing rather than explicit editorializing.

• foregrounds critics and failures: 'Meloni ha fallito', 'quattro anni buttati', 'consenso perduto', '53% boccia il governo'
• delegitimising framing of her initiatives: 'Legge Beffa', 'democrazia ferita', 'attacco a Mattarella'
• uses her own words against her with ironic distance: 'celebra il record', 'imbarazzo di Meloni', 'tentazione'
• selects conflict and embarrassment stories over routine governance coverage

Some headlines are neutral or even mildly favourable (e.g. #3 'assoluta eccellenza', #10 'celebra il record', #18 letter to von der Leyen reported straight). The negative stance is driven by selection and evaluative framing rather than uniform hostility, so -1 rather than -2. Note that several critical quotes come from opponents (Conte, Schlein, Alemanno); the outlet's own voice is most visible in #11, #16, #17, #23.

• Trump framed as erratic/transactional: 'deciderò se annientarlo', 'accordo sulla Groenlandia', 'porto la pace'
• Scandals foregrounded: Trump Jr wedding paid by Russian oligarch, media lawsuit over White House access
• Domestic and international pushback highlighted: judge orders readmission of media, Merz cancels call, protests at UN
• Distancing/ironic framing: 'strana coppia', 'strategia disperata', 'bufala'

Coverage is largely about Trump rather than the US as a state; some headlines are neutral or factual (e.g., UN assembly, AI risk). The negative stance is driven by critical framing of Trump administration actions and scandals, not blanket hostility to the US. No direct anti-American sentiment beyond Trump criticism.

• Attribution of violence and destruction directly to Putin ('12 milioni di volumi distrutti da Putin', 'La fabbrica della guerra di Putin')
• Framing Russian actions as threats to Europe/NATO ('La minaccia di Putin alla Nato', 'destabilizzare tutta Europa')
• Use of dramatic, negative vocabulary ('pioggia di droni', 'missili russi', 'cyber attacchi')
• Selection of headlines emphasising Russian aggression and obstruction ('Lavrov attacca l'Europa', 'Ostacola i negoziati')

The entity is the country RU, and the coverage is uniformly negative, focusing on military aggression, threats, and obstruction. Some headlines quote Russian officials (e.g., Lavrov, Dmitriev) but the outlet's framing is critical, not favourable. No positive or neutral portrayal of Russia is present.

• Attribution of destruction and war-making directly to Putin by name ('12 milioni di volumi distrutti da Putin', 'La fabbrica della guerra di Putin')
• Threat-framing vocabulary around Putin's statements ('La minaccia di Putin alla Nato', 'Avvertimento di Putin')
• Use of critical external voices without rebuttal (Kuleba: 'Putin non è uno stratega', Moïsi: 'Putin è già al lavoro... destabilizzare tutta Europa')
• Selection foregrounding aggression, electoral coercion and military escalation rather than diplomacy or Putin's own framing

Some headlines (3, 5, 7, 16) are relatively neutral or report Putin's own statements with attribution; the negative stance is driven by the outlet's own evaluative framing and selection, not by the quoted content of Putin's words alone.

• foregrounds accusations and scandals against Netanyahu (7 October warnings, criminal risk, electoral damage)
• uses loaded terms like 'accuse shock' and 'responsabilità' to frame Israeli leadership as culpable
• highlights protests, arrests, and international criticism of Israel (Sarandon arrest, UN protest)
• gives prominence to critical documentaries and soldier testimonies about IDF crimes

The entity is the country 'IL' (Israel), but most headlines focus on Netanyahu and Israeli officials. The outlet's own framing is consistently critical, though some headlines are factual reports of events. The negative stance is clear from selection and evaluative language.

• Foregrounds Russian attacks on Ukrainian civilians and infrastructure (fuel station, drone on Kyiv building, missile strikes on Kyiv/Odesa)
• Quotes Zelensky and Ukrainian officials as authoritative voices without distancing verbs
• Frames Ukrainian positions as defensive ('difendere Kiev dall'aggressione russa', 'stop alle armi')
• Highlights Russian threats against Ukrainian leadership (drone near Zelensky's plane, 'Zelensky nel mirino dei russi')

Coverage is largely factual reporting of war events and diplomatic statements; no overt celebratory language. Some headlines note internal Ukrainian controversies (purge, sanctions on ex-spokesperson, political dispute over arms) which slightly temper the positive framing, but the overall selection and vocabulary treat Ukraine as the legitimate party under attack.