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Editorially curated conflicts and rivalries Israel is party to. Open a panel to see the specific friction points inside it.
The Horn of Africa is shaped by disputes over Somaliland's claim to independence, the unresolved border and sea access quarrel between Ethiopia and its neighbours, and the rebuilding of the Somali state. Somalia and its allies oppose Somaliland's recognition, while Somaliland and its partners seek it. Al-Shabaab fights for an Islamic emirate.
Israel, Iran and allied armed groups are fighting over influence and security in the Middle East. Israel says it is defending itself against groups it considers existential threats. Iran and the groups aligned with it say they are resisting Israeli military power and occupation. Palestinians seek an end to occupation and a state of their own.
The South Caucasus is contested ground. Armenia and Azerbaijan dispute Nagorno-Karabakh and their shared border, while Georgia's breakaway regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia remain unresolved. Russia, Turkey, Iran and Western powers compete for influence over the region's states, their alliances and their trade routes.
Syria's government, installed after the Assad family's rule ended, is trying to extend its authority across the whole country while foreign powers pursue their own aims on Syrian soil. Israel, Turkey and the Kurdish-led administration in the northeast each press competing demands over territory, security and political rights.
Turkey's place in its alliances is contested. It joined NATO in 1952, and since 2003 its government has acted on its own in the region, clashing with the United States and Israel over Syria and the Palestinians while the European Union seeks cooperation on migration and defence. What Turkey may do without its allies' consent is the dispute.
Fighting in Yemen pits the Houthi movement, which governs the north and the Red Sea coast, against Yemen's internationally recognized government and a Saudi-led coalition that intervenes on its side. The United States and Britain also strike Houthi targets at sea. The dispute concerns who rules Yemen and control of Red Sea shipping.