Ukraine

The unresolved confrontation on the Korean Peninsula, where the Korean War was halted by an armistice rather than concluded by a peace treaty. Five axes run through it: North Korea's nuclear and ballistic missile programme and the sanctions architecture built around it; the United States-South Korea alliance, with its exercises, command arrangements and extended-deterrence commitments; North Korea's military alignment with Russia, including troop deployments to the war in Ukraine; China's economic and diplomatic patronage of Pyongyang; and the inter-Korean relationship itself, which North Korea has redefined constitutionally as a relationship between separate states. Coverage divides by bloc: Western, South Korean and Japanese outlets report the Northern programme as a threat requiring containment, while Russian and Chinese state media present Pyongyang's arrangements with Moscow and Beijing as lawful cooperation between sovereign states.

The Russia-Ukraine war (initiated 24 February 2022) and its surrounding contest of framings: battlefield operations, the campaign against energy and infrastructure on both sides, Western military and economic aid, peace negotiations, anti-corruption investigations of Ukrainian officials, and the sanctions regime on Russia. The scope of the war itself is contested vocabulary — Ukrainian/Western framing as full-scale invasion versus Russian framing as a limited special military operation. Coverage spans Ukrainian, Russian, Western mainstream, Eastern European, and Global South press with sharply divergent vocabularies for the same events.